‘Defensive Escalations’

Peer bullying and disruption-coercion escalations in student-teacher relationship

Resumen Background: Although there have been many studies of bullying, few have linked it with the escalation of disruption-coercion that sometimes occur in the classroom. Understanding this relationship is the aim of this research. Method: The study included 22114 Spanish adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years (mean age = 14.22, SD = 1.41). 49.6% were boys (mean age = 14.26, SD = 1.41) and 50.4% wer...

Pattern in escalations in insurgent and terrorist activity.

In military planning, it is important to be able to estimate not only the number of fatalities but how often attacks that result in fatalities will take place. We uncovered a simple dynamical pattern that may be used to estimate the escalation rate and timing of fatal attacks. The time difference between fatal attacks by insurgent groups within individual provinces in both Afghanistan and Iraq,...

Peer bullying and disruption-coercion escalations in student-teacher relationship.

BACKGROUND Although there have been many studies of bullying, few have linked it with the escalation of disruption-coercion that sometimes occur in the classroom. Understanding this relationship is the aim of this research. METHOD The study included 22114 Spanish adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years (mean age = 14.22, SD = 1.41). 49.6% were boys (mean age = 14.26, SD = 1.41) and 50.4% were girls ...

Cascading Effects and Escalations in Wide Area Power Failures

Defensive Forecasting

We consider how to make probability forecasts of binary labels. Our main mathematical result is that for any continuous gambling strategy used for detecting disagreement between the forecasts and the actual labels, there exists a forecasting strategy whose forecasts are ideal as far as this gambling strategy is concerned. A forecasting strategy obtained in this way from a gambling strategy demo...